What are prenatal vitamins?
Eating
a healthy diet is always a wise idea -- especially during pregnancy.
It's a good idea during pregnancy to take a prenatal vitamin to help
cover any nutritional gaps in the mother's diet.
Prenatal vitamins contain many vitamins and minerals. Their folic acid, iron, and calcium are especially important.
Folic Acid, Iron, and Calcium
Folic acid helps prevent neural tube birth defects, which affect the brain and spinal cord.
Neural
tube defects develop in the first 28 days after conception, before many
women know they are pregnant. Because about half of all pregnancies are
unplanned, it's recommended that any woman who could get pregnant take
400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid daily, starting before conception
and continuing for the first 12 weeks of pregnancy.
A woman who
has already had a baby with a neural tube defect should talk to her
health care provider about whether she might need to take a different
dose of folic acid. Studies have shown that taking a larger dose (up to
4,000 micrograms) at least one month before and during the first
trimester may be beneficial for those women, but check with your doctor
first.
Foods
containing folic acid include green leafy vegetables, nuts, beans,
citrus fruits, and many fortified foods. Even so, it's a good idea to
take a supplement with the right amount of folic acid, as a backup.
Calcium
is also important for a pregnant woman. It can help prevent her from
losing her own bone density, as the baby uses calcium for its own bone
growth.
Iron helps blood -- in both the mother and baby -- carry oxygen.
What to Look for in Prenatal Vitamins
Look for a prenatal vitamin that includes:
- 400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid.
- 400 IU of vitamin D.
- 200 to 300 milligrams (mg) of calcium.
- 70 mg of vitamin C.
- 3 mg of thiamine.
- 2 mg of riboflavin.
- 20 mg of niacin.
- 6 mcg of vitamin B12.
- 10 mg of vitamin E.
- 15 mg of zinc.
- 17 mg of iron.
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